Essay on Symbols in James Joyces Araby - 658 Words

James Joyces Symbolic Araby James Joyces Araby, a story filled with symbolic images of church, religion, death, and decay. It is the story of youthful, sacred adoration of a young boy directed at a nameless girl, known only as Mangans sister. After visiting Araby, the mystical place in which he is trying to find the beauty missing from the church as well as his soul, the young narrator realizes his infatuation is misguided as the pain of that realization takes hold. The story takes us to a place with images of a desolate, decaying setting. North Richmond Street, being blindÂ… this being a dead end representing the end of his own faith. An uninhabited house...( an empty church) The other houses of the street,†¦show more content†¦He finds this place to be barren and desolate like that of the declining church. Nearly all the stalls were closed and the greater part of the hall was in darkness. I recognized a silence like that which pervades a church after a service. (61 6) It is here where the young narrator starts to see that his faith and love have been veiled. Remembering with difficulty why I had come I went over to one of the stalls and examined porcelain vases and flowered tea-sets. (616) He finds two men were counting money on a salver: a tray like that used in serving Holy Communion. (616) This being a symbol of those that lent money in the Holy Temple. His attention is captured by the girl attending the stall. His misguided faith then transfers over to this girl whose words are confusing and worldly. The young narrator then reaches the epiphany. All of the love and adoration he had felt for the nameless girl vanishes and the reality that his faith and dreams of that Holiness are not the same. Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger. (617) Works Cited Joyce, James. Araby. 1914. 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U.S. Gaap vs. Ifrs Free Essays

Thao Vu Accounting 303 October 9, 2012 US GAAP vs. IFRS The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) developed the United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) has been used in US corporations for over 75 years. It allows financial statements from all corporations to be compared accurately and efficiently, and serves as a guideline for accountants. We will write a custom essay sample on U.S. Gaap vs. Ifrs or any similar topic only for you Order Now GAAP is slowly being taken out for the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as global business goes across the world. GAAP applies only to United States financial reporting. GAAP and the international rules have close similarity. The differences can lead a financial statement user to believe incorrectly that a company A made more money than company B because they report using different rules. The difference between GAAP and IFRS is the means of inventory valuation. In this case, GAAP permits accountants to use Last-in First-out, First-in First-out, and weighted average. Under IFRS, LIFO is not allowed. If United States corporations are forced to switch to LIFO under a universal accounting standard, they will have large increases in income tax. The use of LIFO allows them to avoid larger income taxes in times of inflation. Another example of the different procedures between IFRS and GAAP is in the evaluation of intangibles. GAAP focuses mostly on recording them at a set price, and amortizing that value over the amount of useful life of the intangible. IFRS stresses constant re-evaluation of the price, and recognition at the intangible’s fair value (Miska). One of the greatest benefits of adopting IFRS is the fact that the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) would be working together to develop the best, most effective accounting principles. Converting to an accounting standard that is less rule-based, and more principle oriented would definitely save American businesses trouble as well. IFRS authorize three basic accounting models: I. Current Cost Accounting, under Physical Capital Maintenance at all levels of inflation and deflation under the Historical Cost paradigm as well as the Capital Maintenance in Units of Constant Purchasing Power paradigm. II. Financial capital maintenance in nominal monetary units, i. e. globally implemented Historical cost accounting during low inflation and deflation only under the traditional Historical Cost paradigm III. Financial capital maintenance in units of constant purchasing power, i. e. , Constant Item Purchasing Power Accounting – CIPPA – in terms of a Daily Consumer Price Index or daily rate at all levels of inflation and deflation under the Capital Maintenance in Units of Constant Purchasing Power paradigm and Constant Purchasing Power Accounting – CPPA â⠂¬â€œ during hyperinflation under the Historical Cost paradigm. What are the advantages of IFRS? First, it allows a company to compare itself to competitors overseas, because they will all be using the same financial language (IFRS FAQs). Second, a company that has offices all around the world will be able to use one set of standards rather than many different sets unique to each country. Third, it may make it easier for companies to grow globally because the accounting methods will be the same everywhere and time won’t need to be spent learning new rules. The projects listed below are a move toward achieving a common accounting framework, a step in the globalization of business and investment. Financial instruments * Revenue recognition * Leases * Statement of comprehensive income * Fair value measurement * Derecognition * Consolidations * Post-employment benefits| * Balance sheet – Netting * Financial statement presentation * Discontinued operations * Financial instruments with characteristics of equity * Insurance contracts * Emissions trading schemes| Currently , the first three projects (in bold) are priority projects – due to the existing divergence of US GAAP and IFRS and the need for improvements in the standards they replace. In conclusion, going from GAAP to IFRS will take time, money, training, and patience, but it will be well worth it in the long run for the United States and international businesses. Globalization of business is growing and students and professionals need to become aware of what the IFRS will mean in their careers. As of 2011, IFRS will be eligible for testing in the CPA exam; so, it is important for students to understand the implications of the newest set of global standards (IFRS FAQs). In a profession that needs a lifetime commitment to learning, IFRS is not different than Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) and GAAP before it; it is one more academic step for accountants to overcome and master during their professional career. Sources â€Å"IFRS FAQs. † IFRS. com. 2011. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. Imhof, Rori. Accounting Standards Go Global. Articlebase. com. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. Kaiser, James G. â€Å"US GAAP ; IFRS Convergence. † PWC. com. Web. August 2012. Miska, Kevin. US GAAP vs. IFRS. Articlebase. com. Web. 20 Nov. 2010. How to cite U.S. Gaap vs. Ifrs, Essay examples

Warehouse Clubs free essay sample

The leading warehouse clubs in North America competes through prices and operating costs. These companies cut their operating costs to shoulder the low prices they are offering to the buyers. They also offer broad merchandise selection which attracts small-business owners, organizations and individuals. The three dominating companies were Costco, Sam’s and BJ’s which have 56, 36 and 8 percentages of shares in the market respectively. According to the figures given in the case, a five-forces analysis of the industry would be: Buyer Bargaining Power: -Buyers can easily switch brands. -Buyers have a strong leverage. Substitute Products: -Substitute products are abundant. -Substitute products would create a price ceiling. Supplier Bargaining Power: -There are many suppliers of the products. -The products are easy to substitute -Input materials are not in scarce. Threat of New Entry: -Economies of scale -Pricing trend -Branding Competitive Rivalry. There are many wholesale sellers in the market -There is low switching cost Trend in price reduction by competitors Among these factors, competitive rivalry, supplier and buyer’s bargaining powers must be the most significant. We will write a custom essay sample on Warehouse Clubs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Buyers are always looking for better prices within the industry, thus, wholesale clubs are forced to lower their prices to attract customers. Suppliers also play an important role in maintaining these low prices. Competition is a big factor because the competitors are similarly capable of countering each other. 2. The three warehouse club rivals did not employ similar strategies. Costco used low-cost strategy which they were able to provide customers low-priced items with good quality. Sam’s, on the other hand, purchased merchandise from low-cost labor countries in order to reduce their product costs. For BJ’s strategy, unlike with the other two, they offered smaller packaged goods for retail customers and it was the only major warehouse club that accepts manufacturers’ coupons that added value for members. Costco, compared with the others, has the best strategy employed. It has offered better prices, has good product quality and selection, has emphasized low-cost, has large quantity of members and has trained and well-compensated employees. 3. Given the information regarding the financial performance of the company, the strongest player among the three warehouse clubs is Costco. In terms of Total Revenue, Costco is performing well with $ 71,422 of Total revenue while Sam’s and BJ’s acquired $46,899 and $10,027 (in millions) in the year 2009 respectively. When using financial ratios, Costco’s Net Profit Margin of 1. 2% is higher compared to that of BJ’s Warehouse which is 1. 34% also in the same year . The Net Profit Margin indicates how well a company is doing in transforming their revenue into profit. 4. By simply looking at the total revenue of other international operations of Costco, they are financially successful because their revenues increase every year. In 2005, warehouses outside North America contributed 5. 96% to Costco’s total revenue. While in 2009, it jumped to 7. 19%. So in 4 years, 14 warehouses were opened and they earned $1,982 million.