Literary Villains: Iago and Krogstad Essay

In â€Å"Othello† and â€Å"A Doll House†, the two plays resulted in destruction of two families due to one’s jealousy and revenge. The antagonist in â€Å"Othello† is Iago who served as Othello ancient in the play was against him from the start. Iago had several motives for plotting against Othello, because they did not give him the rank of Lieutenant and he did not approve of the marriage between Othello and Desdemona. In â€Å"A Doll House†, Krogstad was an employee of Mr. Helmer and he knew that he was going to lose his job. These two characters had motives, which resulted in them to develop plots that were not similar, but they both had the same life-altering outcome and were successful. In the play, â€Å"Othello† Iago provided clues that he was going to destroy Othello. In Act I, Scene 1, Iago and Rodrigo (a gulled gentle man) were talking about the promotion of Michael Cassio (Othello’s Lieutenant) and he (Iago) should have been the one to receive the promotion. Iago states â€Å"One Michael Cassio, a Florentine (A fellow almost damned in a fair wife) that never set a squadron in the field, nor the division of a battle knows more than a spinster; unless the bookish theoric, wherein the togged consuls can propose as masterly as he†. He means that Cassio is not married and that he has no experience of leading troops into the battlefield, because Cassio has not gone into war. Iago is jealous that he was did not receive that promotion and he his disloyalty towards Othello. Othello were reference as him, Moor (black) and thick-lips according to the definition in the play it means â€Å"An Elizabethan epithet for blacks, including Moors†. Iago did not approve of Othello and Desdemona’s elopement. Iago informed Brabantino (Desdemona’s Father) of her daughter’s marriage to Othello, he states, â€Å"I am one, sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the Moor are now making the beast with two backs†. Iago is also an instigator; he wanted to get Brabantino angry over his daughter’s marriage. In Act I, Scene II, Brabantino states â€Å"O thou foul thief, where hast thou stowed my daughter? Damned as thou art, thou hast enchanted her! † Everyone was against Othello with the assistance from Iago. In â€Å"A Doll House† Nils Krogstad knew that his employment at the bank was ending and that Nora’s husband (Torvald Helmer) is now in charge of the bank. Nora took out a loan from Mr. Krogstad without Mr. Helmer (Nora’s husband) knowledge and he threatens that he will tell her husband about the loan. Mr. Krogstad is also aware that there are forged signatures on the loan documents. Nora tried to convince her husband not to fire Mr. Krogstad, but Mr. Helmer is appalled at his wife for taking Mr. Krogstad’s side. The conversation between Nora and Helmer resulted in him sending Mr. Krogstad’s notice immediately. Iago and Krogstad were successful in their plans. In â€Å"Othello†, Iago used numerous schemes to turn everyone against each other. The first one was to turn Othello against Cassio; the second was to make Othello believe that Desdemona and Cassio were having an affair and thirdly his plan for the death of Cassio with hopes of them killing each other. The outcome of Iago’s plan was the death of Rodrigo (who was set up to kill Cassio), Othello killing Desdemona, the death of Emilia (wife to Iago and Desdemona’s friend) and the death of Othello (suicide). In â€Å"A Doll House†, Ms. Linde (Nora’s friend and ex friend of Krogstad) convinced Krogstad that they should belong together and he no longer wanted to blackmail Nora. Ms. Linde was going to convince Krogstad to take his letter back, but she decided that it is best for Nora to be honest to her husband. Mr. Helmer read the letter and was furious. He stated that â€Å"Oh what an awful awakening! In all these eight years- she who was my pride and joy- a hypocrite, a liar- worse, worse- a criminal! † Mr. Helmer reconsiders when he reads the apology letter from Krogstad, but Nora declines. The two plays were similar in the plots to ruin lives, but they do not share the same outcome, because Krogstad apologized for threatening Nora but this revelation opened a door for Nora to end her marriage with Mr. Helmer.

Bad News or Refusal Letter

Oven last April 3, 2007. At BD Small appliances, we value customer satisfaction over anything else. We also take pride in providing quality assurance certified appliances to all out clients and do our best to offer the best after sales service in the market today through our optional extended warranty offer. Under the extended warranty offer, any appliance bought from our store carries an extended 2-year warranty on parts for factory defective appliances as well as free repair and service covering the first year of purchase.The extended warranty also comes with an option to replace the defective unit upon the request of the client. No questions asked. Unfortunately, your purchase is only covered by the regular warranty of the toaster that is good for only one year and covers only factory defects. The problem with your toaster stems from client misuse. Our company technician found a substance similar to melted butter and an unidentifiable sticky substance covering the heating coils. T his is what caused the toaster to break down.I also regret to inform you that because the defect of the toaster is does not stem from the factory production, the only option we can offer you is a repair of the item. The cost of the repair will be $47. 00, while a new toaster will cost $50. 00. As I explained above, the toaster is not covered by the extended warranty that would have allowed us to replace the toaster free of charge instead of repairing it. This is why we cannot accommodate your request for a brand new Moulinex Soft Crunch Toaster. I also regret to inform you that our return and refund policy only covers items purchased within 7 days.Refunds are also only done in the event of a factory defect. We would therefore like you to consider the 2 other options available to you, that is you may pay for the repair of the item or purchase a new one. Feel free to contact me at my direct number indicated at the end of this letter once you have made your decision or if you need furt her clarifications regarding this letter. I will be happy to confer with you at your convenience. Our company wishes we could do more for you to make up for the lost appliance so please accept the discount coupon worth $5.00 attached to this letter to help towards the purchase or repair of the your item. This has been a very difficult decision for our company to arrive at. I would have liked to bend company policy for you and give you a new toaster if it were possible for me to do so. I hope that this incident will not become a deterrent that will stop you from making future purchases at BD Small Appliances. Sincerely, Nicole Bridgford Customer Service Representative Contact Number: 551-429876 (Office Hours Only)

Advertising and Marketing Research

[2] Market Research is the key factor to get advantage over competitors. Market research provides important information to identify and analyze the market need, market size and competition. Market research,as defined by the ICC/ESOMAR International Code on Market and Social Research, includes social and opinion research, [and] is the systematic gathering and interpretation of information about individuals or organizations using statistical and analytical methods and techniques of the applied social sciences to gain insight or support decision making. [3] Market Research is a systematic, objective collection and analysis of data about a particular target market, competition, and/or environment. It always incorporates some form of data collection whether it be secondary research (often referred to as desk research) or primary research which is collected direct from a respondent. The purpose of any market research project is to achieve an increased understanding of the subject matter. With markets throughout the world becoming increasingly more competitive, market research is now on the agenda of many organisations, whether they be large or small. The Market Research Process To conduct market research, organisations may decide to undertake the project themselves (some through a marketing research department) or they might choose to commission it via a market research agency or consultancy. Whichever, before undertaking any research project, it is crucial to define the research objectives i. e. what are you trying to achieve from the research? and what do you need to know? After considering the objectives, Market Researchers can utilise many types of research techniques and methodologies to capture the data that they require. All of the available methodologies either collect quantitative or qualitative information. The use of each very much depends on the research objectives but many believe that results are most useful when the two methods are combined. Quantitative Research Quantitative research is numerically oriented, requires significant attention to the measurement of market phenomena and often involves statistical analysis. For example, a bank might ask its customers to rate its overall service as either excellent, good, poor or very poor. This will provide quantitative information that can be analysed statistically. The main rule with quantitative research is that every respondent is asked the same series of questions. The approach is very structured and normally involves large numbers of interviews/questionnaires. Perhaps the most common quantitative technique is the ‘market research survey’. These are basically projects that involve the collection of data from multiple cases – such as consumers or a set of products. Quantitative surveys can be conducted by using post (self-completion), face-to-face (in-street or in-home), telephone, email or web techniques. The questionnaire is one of the more common tools for collecting data from a survey, but it is only one of a wide ranging set of data collection aids. Qualitative Research Qualitative research provides an understanding of how or why things are as they are. For example, a Market Researcher may stop a consumer who has purchased a particular type of bread and ask him or her why that type of bread was chosen. Unlike quantitative research there are no fixed set of questions but, instead, a topic guide (or discussion guide) is used to explore various issues in-depth. The discussion between the interviewer (or moderator) and the respondent is largely determined by the respondents’ own thoughts and feelings. As with quantitative techniques, there are also various types of qualitative methodologies. Research of this sort is mostly done face-to-face. One of the best-known techniques is market research group discussions (or focus groups). These are usually made up of 6 to 8 targeted respondents, a research moderator whose role is to ask the required questions, draw out answers, and encourage discussion, and an observation area usually behind one way mirrors, and video and/or audio taping facilities. In addition, qualitative research can also be conducted on a ‘one on one’ basis i. e. an in-depth interview with a trained executive interviewer and one respondent, a paired depth (two respondents), a triad (three respondents) and a mini group discussion (4-5 respondents). Advertising and Marketing Research [2] Market Research is the key factor to get advantage over competitors. Market research provides important information to identify and analyze the market need, market size and competition. Market research,as defined by the ICC/ESOMAR International Code on Market and Social Research, includes social and opinion research, [and] is the systematic gathering and interpretation of information about individuals or organizations using statistical and analytical methods and techniques of the applied social sciences to gain insight or support decision making. [3] Market Research is a systematic, objective collection and analysis of data about a particular target market, competition, and/or environment. It always incorporates some form of data collection whether it be secondary research (often referred to as desk research) or primary research which is collected direct from a respondent. The purpose of any market research project is to achieve an increased understanding of the subject matter. With markets throughout the world becoming increasingly more competitive, market research is now on the agenda of many organisations, whether they be large or small. The Market Research Process To conduct market research, organisations may decide to undertake the project themselves (some through a marketing research department) or they might choose to commission it via a market research agency or consultancy. Whichever, before undertaking any research project, it is crucial to define the research objectives i. e. what are you trying to achieve from the research? and what do you need to know? After considering the objectives, Market Researchers can utilise many types of research techniques and methodologies to capture the data that they require. All of the available methodologies either collect quantitative or qualitative information. The use of each very much depends on the research objectives but many believe that results are most useful when the two methods are combined. Quantitative Research Quantitative research is numerically oriented, requires significant attention to the measurement of market phenomena and often involves statistical analysis. For example, a bank might ask its customers to rate its overall service as either excellent, good, poor or very poor. This will provide quantitative information that can be analysed statistically. The main rule with quantitative research is that every respondent is asked the same series of questions. The approach is very structured and normally involves large numbers of interviews/questionnaires. Perhaps the most common quantitative technique is the ‘market research survey’. These are basically projects that involve the collection of data from multiple cases – such as consumers or a set of products. Quantitative surveys can be conducted by using post (self-completion), face-to-face (in-street or in-home), telephone, email or web techniques. The questionnaire is one of the more common tools for collecting data from a survey, but it is only one of a wide ranging set of data collection aids. Qualitative Research Qualitative research provides an understanding of how or why things are as they are. For example, a Market Researcher may stop a consumer who has purchased a particular type of bread and ask him or her why that type of bread was chosen. Unlike quantitative research there are no fixed set of questions but, instead, a topic guide (or discussion guide) is used to explore various issues in-depth. The discussion between the interviewer (or moderator) and the respondent is largely determined by the respondents’ own thoughts and feelings. As with quantitative techniques, there are also various types of qualitative methodologies. Research of this sort is mostly done face-to-face. One of the best-known techniques is market research group discussions (or focus groups). These are usually made up of 6 to 8 targeted respondents, a research moderator whose role is to ask the required questions, draw out answers, and encourage discussion, and an observation area usually behind one way mirrors, and video and/or audio taping facilities. In addition, qualitative research can also be conducted on a ‘one on one’ basis i. e. an in-depth interview with a trained executive interviewer and one respondent, a paired depth (two respondents), a triad (three respondents) and a mini group discussion (4-5 respondents).

Reality TV's Negative Affect on Our Society Research Paper

Reality TV's Negative Affect on Our Society - Research Paper Example In some instances, it may make the viewer or the audiences revel at such negative attributes and vices such as pain, sex, and injuries to the cast, which in real sense the viewer should not. The end-result is the cast is rewarded for poor personal, societal or professional judgment. Since the advent of reality TV programming, critics have rightly described as a genre that is sensational and focusing on an emphasis on the negative aspects of the society. Hill (7) states that such articles such as ‘Ragbag of Cheap Thrills’, ‘TV’s Theatre of Cruelty’ or ‘Danger: Reality TV can Rot Your Brain’ describe how there is a negative connotation associated with reality TV. Further Nick Clarke argues in The Shadow of a Nation that reality TV has led to the erosion of the values hitherto held by the society as well as distracting the ideals of a modern society. For example scenes of addiction to drugs and war in reality television programs have the pot ential effect of eroding the culture held by the society as well as its moral values (Hill 7). Other programs such as Real Housewives of Atlanta  and Basketball Wives  that show violent confrontations between women tend to make young ladies copy them with the thoughts that such behavior is desirable. In the analysis of the reality TV program ‘Extreme Makeover’, the negative aspect of the society is portrayed as the show suggests that the American society is constantly in trouble to find or live in a decent home showing how a contemporaneous socio-political tension or situation. The crisis that the cast in the program face is at times used to hoodwink the electorate who vote in leaders who can promise better housing... This "Reality TV Negative Effects to Society" essay demonstrates how such shows as "Extreme Makeover" or "16 and pregnant" shapes our worldview. Reality television shows have constantly portrayed a distasteful and dysfunctional behavior in the form of entertainment and people get easily manipulated and end up applying the same behavior in the society. The negative influence of reality television programs is that they allow a person or the viewer to follow what has been determined for him by someone else as reality. The producers of reality TV programs also fail to consider ethics when producing these programs, as they tend to exploit the misfortune of others such as divorce and teenage pregnancy all in the name of entertainment. From the foregoing argument, research has proven that reality television programs just warp the viewer’s perception of reality and their belief. This is the reason for example why viewers or members of the society who view the world as filled with dram a and relational strife are addicted to reality programs, for example the regular viewers of drama on crime are likely to engage in crime. In addition, the society has been affected in a major way and in a negative way by the reality programs as members of the society do not wish to learn how to accomplish a rigorous or desirable feat but demand to achieve it through controversy and idiocy. The end result is a society built on negative values and morals that greatly affect the productivity and meaningful co-existence.

Chemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chemistry - Essay Example This could be manifested in a person suffering from bipolar disorder or related mental illnesses. As early as 1800, pharmacological studies came up with antipsychotic drug that will help doctors during psychiatric treatment. Research and surveys showed that by the year 2005, based on the report of Archives of General Psychiatry, approximately 5.7 million of adult Americans or 2.5 percent of its population were affected by bipolar disorder (BD). There are also cases of BD found among children (Geller B, Luby J, 1997). Bipolar disorder or manic-depression is a mental disorder characterized by signs of mania or depressions which can be observed in alternating episodes. Prominently, these episodes show shifts of mood swings, from extremely energetic moods to hopeless and depressive moods. It includes one or more incidents of manic behavior, disrupted sleep, fast speech, distractibility and increase in goal-oriented-activities. Together with these manic episodes are depressive episodes characterize with lost of interest, displeasures, feeling of emptiness and unworthiness. A bio-chemical explanation was presented by scientist and researchers to explain why people tend to suffer manic-depression. Biologically speaking human brain was composed of nerve cells, neurotransmitters and receptors sending messages from one another (Prof. Hokin, University of Winconsin).Over activity or under activity in these neurotransmitters or messengers of the brain could be the reason for such disorders. So bipolar disorder could be manifested whenever brain operations has gone wrong resulting to alternating poles of mania and depression. Anti-psychotic drugs are prescribed by psychiatrists to treat bipolar disorder. These are termed to be mood stabilizers and help the patient as it goes into psychiatric treatment. The most common yet old used anti-psychotic drug nowadays is lithium. Dr.

Informative speech on music and marketing or Presentation

Informative on music and marketing - Speech or Presentation Example This era is regarded as techno-oriented era more commonly as digital age therefore the old marketing strategies are not going to work here anymore when there is lesser time consuming, cheap and easily accessible marketing strategies are available through social media. Internet is now hailed as â€Å"â€Å"contemporary society’s great equalizer of social, economical, and political power†, with little cost and immense communication effects (Fox, 2009). Various marketing tactics such as viral marketing are spreading consumer awareness of the product even by masking their names generating their attention and intriguing consumers before even revealing the company’s name. Reverse psychology marketing strategies also create interests and awareness among the consumers by tarnishing the brands (Fox, 2009). Buyers no longer wait for the new marketing information and they are not even paying much attention today. They are more interested in seeking out the desired informat ion in their own ways. The flyers, brochures, TV ads, in transit media etc have become too trivial. On the other hand, asking face book about which novel marketing tactic to use is effective, in which it is mired and there is an ongoing debate for that. Zuberance, a firm, allows its customers to advocate about the company on their favorite social media channels. They are requested to write a review or recommendation about the product that is accessible to the company official website endorsed with customer’s name and spread around his peer network and he actually finds himself as a promoter of the product. Our timings of consuming meals is varying greatly due to work load, late night studies, slumber parties, networking hangouts etc. Many of the U.S restaurants are being triggered due to this changed habit of the people around. Consequently, Big M launched a new marketing tactic of luring and targeting these â€Å"up-high nights† and nocturnal diners with value deals. They extended their closing hours till 2 a.m. Furthermore, they also started offering mid night deals on Night Hunger menu with Buffalo wings from Thursday till Saturday. Almost all the restaurants are targeting the Nighters with their light night menus where serving the â€Å"Nighters† has now become a niche. Another significant marketing tactic was used by Target (Big Data) which identified the pregnant ladies before anyone. Target conducted an exclusive and extensive research on the shopping habits of the pregnant females for example when they purchase vitamins, see the couples and kids, and many more. They utilized this research and started sending the valuable coupons to those they had identified as â€Å"pregnant†. A father of a girl who had been receiving such coupons complained about these annoying coupons but later on discovered that he was unaware that her daughter was pregnant but they knew it. So it is a cliche now which says, â€Å"All stores will be doin g this, and all governments will be doing this. Your doctor will do this. Your employer will do this. This is the new norm† (NPR STAFF) Another very amusing tactic is how Google tracks the flu. Google never wastes or ignores any of its searches stores every bit of the searches. Google used to scribble over the searches screening them with intent to look for those searches from the database that were either a likely predictor or related to the outbreak of flu collecting from certain various regions of America. The seasonal flu outbreaks is reported by CDC, â€Å"

Joyce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Joyce - Essay Example This darkness that surrounds the photograph brings the mood of gloom. This place lacks any color surrounding it. Not even the buildings have been painted a bright color. It is as if event eh owners of these buildings have no life or fun to look forward to and hence the dark color in their building and surroundings. Anything that is gloomy attracts the mood of sadness and this is what eventually hits an individual after the analysis of the features of the photography. The light at the end of the photograph brings about a little change of mood as the mood changes from that of sadness and desolation to that of hope for the distance future. The mood of hope from the light however seems to be on only a few places, while the rest still maintain the mood described above of gloom and melancholy. Eveline’s tone in the narrative is full of sadness and at times dejection. She is weary of the little town she calls home and of her family as well. Everything in her surrounding brings sadness and pessimism about her life and what it has amounted to. Her childhood home has become empty as the people she knew and grew up with left starting from her mother who passed away and friends who have left for other places. The loneliness is similar to that of the buildings in the photograph which leads to melancholy and gloom. She is bitter with her father for leaving her all alone to support the family which includes her two younger brothers and the father himself (Joyce 514). The desolation that has surrounded her home is the same that surrounds the buildings in the photograph which have no ounce of color to brighten them up and which eventually only adds up to the general tone of sadness. Amidst all this sadness and bitterness, she has a window of hope for her future. She wants to leave and get married in another place. There is hope of starting over and meeting new people which not only brings hope but also happiness.

Are Universities Cartels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Are Universities Cartels - Essay Example The entry of universities which are responsive to societal needs has a profound effect on American education market (Dodgson et al 2009). In the oligopoly, learning institutions are driven by profit maximization. The United States market entry and exit barriers are flexible. A telling example is the Stanford’s free online Robotics and artificial intelligence courses. In the previous years, the largest barriers to the education US market entry have been economies of scale and strategic actions by the incumbent universities. Access to complex technology and government regulations in the US education market have relatively small impact on the market forces. The courses have attracted tens of thousands students. This has caused a shift from the traditional approach in education market. Virtual subgroups between lecturers and students have affected the learning costs (Tschang & Della 2001). The market trends have been altered as new ways of meeting the demand become introduced. The se trends have indicated that the market position of the state universities is under severe threat. A telling example is the cooperation between AT & T and university of Phoenix on employee training. The culture of education cartels is losing ground as innovative ways of meeting education demands continue to gain ground (Tschang & Della 2001). ... Perfect competition and oligopoly in the American education market is demand products to be defined. A product is defined as a good or service produced by universities in an education market. Products and units of production affect the demand and supply forces in the education market. The availability of products in the education market is directly correlated to pricing. Defining products and units of output is directly related to pricing. Market forces in the education market are overcoming the significance of collusion theory and competition is rising. Pricing is an important aspect in the education market in the United States. In the study of education market in US, definition of productions and units of output affects competitiveness and brand equity profoundly (Dodgson et al 2009). Cartels within the traditional university systems face direct challenges from virtual universities (Kreps 2004). The education market is increasingly becoming competitive leading to reduced prices in traditional degree programs as new programs take the center stage (Newman et al 2004). Programs and units are packaged in affordable and convenient methods e g the decrease in the cost of traditional courses and demand in virtual courses grows. (Dodgson et al 2009). Careful decisions are focusing on the nature of courses offered and the place of offering them. The universities are getting involved in corporate social responsibility. Technology has overcome geographical barriers through electronic learning (Tschang & Della 2001). The modern US universities are developing other responsive measures of raising revenues and quality of services in an increasingly competitive education market. In conclusion, the American education market is experiencing

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Accounting - Essay Example Moreover, the article describes the purpose of the income tax and even provides links to sites that stipulates the requirements for filing income tax. Several terms such as â€Å"gross income† and â€Å"taxable income â€Å" is also given so that common people can understand these terms. The page on Resources leads to a lot of information of sources where different types of taxation can be found. Sources for Federal Income Tax and State Income Tax are given with various links that can provide primary information on the topic. Even recent state judicial decisions are pointed out in this page as well as links to income tax websites and Federation of Tax Administrators. Unfortunately , the page for case example does not have any content yet. This site is my choice since it is reader-friendly, simple to understand and has a good lay-out. As a researcher, it is important that the website I am looking into has clear instructions and does not contain many tabs that would discourage me from further browsing. The site is very accessible and clearly defines terms that is necessary for researching. More importantly, I chose the site because it provides good links that can supplement my research. Circular 230 clearly applies to tax advisors such as â€Å" attorneys, certified public accountants, enrolled agents, and other persons representing taxpayers before the Internal Revenue Service†.( Par 1.  §Sec.10.0). These are the people who can give advice on the filing of Income Tax . Specifically Sec.10.3 stated that aside from attorneys , certified public accountants, and enrolled agents , there are other individuals that are under the scope of Circular 230. These individuals are: enrolled actuaries, enrolled retirement plan agents, government officers or employees as well as state officers and employees. As for the public servants, they should have not violated 18 U.S.C.  § 203 or 205

Adaptive Project Management Framework Assignment

Adaptive Project Management Framework - Assignment Example This framework is generally used for the projects whose objectives and goals are clearly stated. Basically the framework is an approach that restricted planning for things which are next to impossible. The adaptive project management framework is implemented in project management in order to bring quality business values (Highsmith, 2009, p.167). Moreover, this framework is intended to maximize the business value under specific time and estimated fixed budget. The adaptive project management framework is the structured decision making framework in the face of uncertainty. This framework helps to reduce the uncertainty level of project outcome through quick system monitoring and controlling. As it is based on learning process, it helps to improve the long-term project management outcomes. The study deals with the evaluation of implementing project framework approach in organization. Moreover the study will reveal the obstacles that are faced by organizations while adopting this framew ork. Finally the study ends with the solutions of the problems. Implementation of Adaptive Project Management Framework The project management methodology applied within organizations for the purpose of reconfigure the project management framework. Companies should change the current regulations and policies to successfully execute the adaptive project framework approach that administrate their internal processes.

Effects of Mass Media Essay Example for Free

Effects of Mass Media Essay Media has slowly taken over each America’s life and has an incredible amount of power in the decision process of each American. On a daily basis each American listens to the radio, surfs the internet and watches television. For these same reasons, media possess a large amount influence on a decision made by an American. With all the tools and gadgets today, it is very easy to become influenced by the media. Over the past century there have been many new media developments that have impacted our society; although there have been many, the ones we will focus on are radio, television, and the internet. Radio began in the early nineteen hundreds and soon became very popular between every American. The radio was a mean of learning of news quickly and served the great purpose of entertainment. Also, in the early nineteen hundreds the word television was introduced and the first moving film was televised. This quickly grew and it began to broadcast in black and white. In the middle of the nineteen hundreds, the internet was first introduced to the American government and soon was used to provide efficient communication between government agencies. The radio, television and the internet were all created in the nineteen hundreds and as soon as they were available to the American public, they grew and developed into a large form of communication. In 1912 the radio became a common product found in each American home. Every year after, the radio grew in popularity. One of the biggest impacts to America was the use of the radio during the World War I. In the late nineteen-twenties the first easy to use kinescope tube was created but the image was very poor. In the early nineteen-thirties the first television studios and broadcasting begin to happen and it sky rocketed after that. It has grown so much into American lives that now every household has more than one television. Americans see television for entertainment, education and news purposes on a dai ly basis. In the early nineteen-ninety the first internet browser was created. The internet has impacted Americans in so many ways, to the point that it is now used more than once by every American and it is carried by most in their pockets. Without question, the media has grown tremendously and impacts each America’s life on a daily basis. Media convergences have been a huge facilitator. Media convergence is the way that one devise or tool combines different media types. One of the most common is the cell phones. In almost every phone you can take photos, videos, send text messages, view the internet, play music, check email and use it for its original designed function-to make a phone call. The next commonly used media convergence is the computer. The computer allows you to create different types of documents, presentations, monetary forms and it also allows you to browse the World Wide Web while listening to music and receiving emails. The newest media convergence is tablets. Tablets have the same function of a cell phone and a computer in a compact, lightweight, and portable device. For all the above reasons and with all of the named tools, it is very important to be properly educated about media. Learning how to access, analyze, and evaluate the media is very important when making an everyday decision because we either read something on the internet, watch the television show or hear a commercial on the radio. Not everything that we read, see or hear is accurate. In most cases, we are tricked into believing things by the bias show or commercial that we are watching or hearing. Due to false or head fakes found in the media all schools and educational institutes should provide some form of media literacy education just like math, reading and writing. This may seem a basic or common sense information, but many believe without questions what they see or hear. As the great nation that the United States is, it should properly educate its citizens about media literacy. The internet, television and radio have definitely impacted every American’s life. With the tools like a computer, cell phone or tablet it is very easy to be influenced by the media. Some of the influence coincides with each individuals beliefs and other will clash but this is something that has to be learned how to balance. In addition to personal emotion believes on a subject, a lot of the media will try to trick into believing false statements. It is every America’s duty to make sure that he or she has the proper media knowledge to be able to access it, analyze it and evaluate it before making a decision. References Lule, J. (2012). Exploring Media and Culture (1st ed.). San Francisco, CA: Flat World Knowledge, Inc. Besley, John C. (Summer 2008). Media Use and Human Values: Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly; ProQuest Zil, Karen. (Mar/Apr 2002). Media Literacy: Television meets the Internet; MultiMedia Schools

Ethics of Native American Mascots Essay Example for Free

Ethics of Native American Mascots Essay Ethics of Native American mascots is a controversial topic and should not be argued against because they are used ethically, complementary, and respectfully. The Native American Mascot controversy is a topic that has presented itself in recent years all across the country. Though there have been some issues, complaints, and moral questions brought up about the Native American mascot dilemma by a minority group of people, there is no legitimate argument to why these mascots should be banned. Ethically, there is nothing wrong with using Native American symbols as mascots. Native American mascots are ethical. Ethics is defined as â€Å"a system of moral principles and rules, the rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or a particular group or culture, and also a branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions† (dictionary. com). Native American mascots and logos for sports leagues has been a debate dating back as far as the late 1960s (Oguntoyinbo 2011). When talking about the ethics side of the argument, calling the images and logos unethical toward Native Americans is wrong because ethics, like the definition says, portrays to respect and class toward a group or culture. The purpose of mascots is to believe in something, to have a logo that brings teams and communities together for battle in sports, and to perform well and do your best so you stand tall and proud to be a part of your team and mascot. To be a warrior on a football field and literally have the warrior symbol, to be a brave, or the chiefs and represent honor, courage, and bravery would be astonishing. Native American mascots are complementary. The use of logos as mascots is to honor Native Americans, they are not used to offend, and they are not misguiding (King 2002). Though there are two sides to every argument, when a mascot is called degrading or any negative term other than complementary, it must have something border line if not over the top offensive on it. There is no legitimate argument for why an arrowhead on the side of a football helmet, a logo of a Native American chief’s head on the side of a school or even a tomahawk on a basketball jersey is being reverted to as degrading, but the controversy still continues. Some names can be offensive such as Redmen, Savages, etc. But if it is the name itself that offends, it needs to be argued that way and not toward the Native American mascot as a symbol. Arguing a mascot as degrading when really it is meant the name is disrespectful in itself because a mascot is a symbol of a team, not the name; it is also the strength and core of a team. Mascots are purposely portrayed as being ethical, complementary, and respectful, in fact â€Å"tribal names find their way onto all kinds of consumer products, such as the Jeep Cherokee and the Dodge Dakota. For the same reason, Indian images appear on U. S. currency, such as the old Indian-head nickel and the new Sacajawea dollar. The Army even names its helicopters after tribes: the Apache Longbow, the Kiowa Warrior, the Comanche, and the Blackhawk. If we were† to let the minority side of this argument change Native American mascots, then â€Å"a number of cities (e. g. , Chicago, Miami, and Milwaukee), plus about half the states, would have to be renamed (Miller 2001). Mascots are symbols, symbols of spirit, and symbols of strength. Native American mascots are respectful. The minority of people who argue this issue want these mascots to change because they believe that Native American mascots are disrespectful to Native Americans, they are portrayed disrespectfully, and everything about the mascot is portrayed disrespectful. Some even say that teams with Native American mascots do what’s called a tomahawk chop that supposedly represent Indian culture and meant for honoring them but that’s not true (Pewewardy 2000). Doing a tomahawk chop is in no way disrespectful, in fact, a tomahawk chop is used to pump up the crowd, it’s used to respect the heritage of the Native American, and it’s used to continue tradition. Being a part of a Native American mascot team, chances are the intent is to want to represent that logo and be the upmost respectful possible toward the heritage that the symbol represents. It is amazing how some can say that Native American mascots are disrespectful. A huge reason that Florida State University got to keep their symbol and logo the Seminoles is because the chief of the Seminole tribe in Florida strongly supports what Florida State does with the symbol and how it is respected. Disrespect is when a team of any name burns a mascot logo before a game, disrespect is when a sports game is not played by the rules, disrespect is when refusal to shake and opponents hand after a lost battle, not a logo that represents pride and respect for a team, school, and community. Ethics of Native American mascots is a controversial topic and should not be argued against because again they are not being used unethically, they are not degrading, and they are not being used disrespectfully. Schools shouldn’t have to change their mascot because a few minority people give speeches, write letters to the NCAA, or even protest about it. It should come down to what the tribes themselves want; they are the ones with their image portrayed out there as mascots. That would be the ethical and right way to go about this controversy. Ethics can play a big role when it comes to the Native American mascot issue. No matter which side is chosen to debate, ethics should always be considered one of, if not, the top motivation. Works Cited â€Å"Definition of ethics. † Ethics definition. Dictionary. com. Web. 15 November 2011 King, Richard. â€Å"Defensive dialogues: Native American mascots, anit-Indianism, and educationalinstitutions. † Academic Search Premier. Simile, February 2002. Web. 27 November 2011. Miller, John. â€Å"What’s in a (Team) Name? † Academic Search Premier. National Review, 16 April 2001. Web. 15 November 2011. Oguntoyinbo, Lekan. â€Å"The Name Game. † Academic Search Premier. Diverse: Issues in Higher Education, 28 April 2011. Web. 15 November 2011.. Pewewardy, Cornel. â€Å"Why Educators Should Not Ignore Indian Mascots. † Academic Search Premier. Multicultural Perspectives, 2000. Web. 27 November 2011.

Uncontrolled Proliferation of Cells: Lung Cancer

Uncontrolled Proliferation of Cells: Lung Cancer Exhibit the uncontrolled proliferation of cells and constant progress of malignant cells in the body. 1.6.2.1. Lung Cancer: The normal lungs tissues are composed by normal cells and they are intending to determine the right size, appropriate shape and the normal function of the lungs. In a cancerous cell, the genetic material DNA is altered by the encoding of the genes which are responsible for the transformation of normal cells into muted or cancerous cells. The lung cancer is classified into two major categories, known as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The SCLC is exceptionally assertive, and it spreads all over the body very rapidly. A high percentage of the lung cancer patients, when diagnosed, are already in metastatic phase of the disease (48). NSCLC is the most common type oflung cancer. It usually grows and develops gradually, and progress at moderate rate as compared tosmall cell lung cancer. Therefore, it is treatable most of the times when NSCLC is diagnosed. 1.6.2.1.1. Risk Factors for Lung Cancer: Research has proposed numerous risk factors that may contribute to enhance the chances of getting lung cancer. They may include air pollution, and exposure to inorganic compounds. Additionally, family history, use of tobacco, mineral oil exposure, and occupational contact may contribute to the development of lung cancer. Furthermore in certain cases it was also observed that the previous cancer and treatment, silica interaction, inhalation of welding fumes, are also responsible for developing lung cancer in humans as well. 1.6.2.2. Blood Cancer: Blood is a unique type of body fluid. The main component of blood is plasma, which is a yellowish high viscous liquid and is more than 90% of the blood. The solid material present in the blood consist of platelets, red and white blood cells, whereas whole blood is a mixture of about 55 percent plasma and 45 percent blood cells. It has been observed that 7 to 8 percent of the total body weight is consist on blood whereas an average-sized man has about 12 pints of blood in his body, and an average-sized woman has about 9 pints of blood (49). The blood looks like a red fluid due to the presence of a great numbers of red blood cells called erythrocytes, and more than 40 – 45 % of blood volume consist of erythrocytes. The leukocytes are white blood cells and they are part of our immune system. The task of immune system is to offer defense to the body of an organism against undesirable entities present inside the body as well as in the environment. Another specialized type of white blood cells is neutrophil, which get stimulated immediately after the invasion of any foreign particles and disease causing agent to the body. Blood plasma is composed of 92% of water and 8% plasma proteins, mineral ions, glucose, clotting factors and carbon dioxide, serum albumin, lipoprotein particles, immunoglobulin electrolytes, etc. Blood plays a vital role in keeping an organism alive. If for some reason blood is not healthy enough or it is not able to perform its functions properly, the situation could be life threatening. Blood performs many different functions inside the body that include, supplying oxygen and nutrients all over the body. It has specific proteins that help in forming blood clots to avoid excessive blood loss, which is a natural mechanism for the repair of cells. In addition, it manages waste products such as urea; lactic acid and carbon dioxide by collecting from our body take them to the kidneys and liver, which sieve out harmful species from blood. Furthermore, blood normalizes and maintains normal body temperature. It also keeps the normal pH inside the body. The homeostasis mechanism remains dependent on regular circulation of blood inside the body. Blood maintains pressure inside the body in order to coup the out side pressure i.e. atmospheric pressure exerted by air and this pressure i s approximately 14lb/ sq inch (50). There are various types of blood cancer that have been discovered in human beings. The most frequent diagnosed blood cancers areleukemia, lymphoma, andmyeloma. All cellular blood components are derived fromhaematopoietic stem cells. The hematopoietic process is controlled through a series of chemical reactions, which are regulated with the support of immune system. A failure in any of these steps can lead to the uncontrolled division of immature blood cells. These types of malfunction can occur due to a variety of reasons, including spontaneous gene mutation and chromosomal aberrations and exposure to chemicals and radiations etc. Blood cancer is the result of abnormal development of bone marrow or the collapse of lymphatic system. Malignancies caused by blood cancer have shown distinct rate of augmentation that are directly associated with the type of blood cancer, and patient’s capacity of tolerance. However, rate of survival with blood cancer has dramatically increased in late 20th century due to the improvement of invasive treatment and the development of new strategies with the compliance of revolutionary medicines. Despite this fact, the timely diagnosis of blood cancer is highly manageable in these days. Like every cancer, blood cancer also starts from a single cell that has abnormal or mutant DNA in its nucleus. That muted cell divides rapidly and forms a bulk of abnormal cells. This bulk of cells, rather than maturing and completing its life cycle and following a pattern of natural death, it starts accumulating in the body of an organism until the individual is diagnosed with blood cancer. Nevertheless the causes of blood cancer remain unidentified. However, it is imperative to know the rationale explanation for the initiation of these irregularities in the bone marrow, which is the main cause of transformation of a healthy cell to cancerous cell. 1.6.2.2.1. Risk Factors for Blood Cancer: The immune system has an assigned and a prominent role endowed by nature, which is to provide protection to a body against internal and external factors that may initiate a chain of disorders and in turn can cause serious consequences for the body in the form of disease. The defective or damaged immune system cannot perform in adequate manners and therefore, in this situation, the risk of having cancer increases at the magnitude of many folds. Certain factors that can influence the immune system are exposure to viruses and chemicals. Furthermore, contaminated environment and infections have also been associated with poor defense system and, consequently, have been linked to a cause of blood cancer as well. It is also reported that there are many other cancer triggering agents such as tobacco, radiation exposure, growing older, and family history, which may also contribute to the etiology of blood cancer. Blood cancer may also be inherited but cancer usually skips generations and can be transmitted to more than one member of a family. There are two types of blood cancer; chronic type of blood cancer develops slowly over a period of years while acute cancer develops rapidly and when it diagnosed it could be too late to be cured (51). 1.6.2.3. Breast Cancer: Although it has been observed that the occurrences of cancer have considerably decreased in United States in last three decades. The breast cancer is still at the top among the other types of cancers in European nations such as Spain, Portugal, Greece, Hungary, Poland, and Italy (52). It has been observed that for a long period of time breast cancer was the foremost cause of death in North America and Northern Europe (53) while least number of breast cancer cases were registered in Asia and Africa. In addition, other countries such as Southern Europe and Latin America show that the number of breast cancer patients remains the same and not very distinct among the other types of cancer (54). Therefore, it is a distinguished feature that could be monitored and enable the scientist to a point where they can speculate the reasons for the existence of this type of trend. Moreover, they were being able to establish some guidelines that were helpful in determining the order of severity of the disease in these regions. Breast cancer is known to have a long latency period; there may be several decades between the initiation of the carcinogenic process and clinical detection (55). Environmental factors during embryogenesis, childhood, and adolescence may affect breast cancer occurrence in adulthood by enhancing or deterring carcinogenic processes (56). The embryo develops rapidly and toxic agents that do cross the placental barrier can have specific effects on organ development depending on the time at which the exposure occurs (57). Even though breast tissue begins to differentiate by the fourth week of development, the breast has distinct features among body parts in contrast to other body parts in that it remains relatively unchanged until puberty or later. Environment in which we live and breathe is already contaminated with various types of chemicals. These chemicals present in the environment can behave as an impersonator of certain hormones and they can impact the other chemical reactions inside the body of an organism, as well as the cell division. Some breast tumors depend on estrogen for their occurrence and progression. The chemicals and trace elements that can influence the metabolism of estrogen, prop the development of breast tumor. For example, preliminary research suggests that the exposure to an environment that is contaminated with estrogen 4-octylphenol is highly linked with the risk of breast cancer (58). In another study it was found that the metal ions in the environment are capable of promotion of DNA double-strand breaks and the process of strand-breakage is complicated however it has the ability to replicate the altered DNA. This is probably the consequence of conversion of a DNA single-strand break into double-str and breaks (59). Nevertheless, the authors have reached the consensus that the metals ions have the ability to initiate many trails that can make a cell vulnerable and expose it to toxic elements, which could increase the risk of breast cancer. Antioxidants that have selenium as an essential part of their structure can provide protection by pursuing free radicals in the upper lining of epithelial cells in the breast. 1.6.2.3.1. Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: The involvements of certain factors, which are consistently found in the history of cancer patients, are known to be as â€Å"established risk factors†. For instance, getting older and having regular menstrual periods earlier or going through menopause later in life are considered as established risk factors. Moreover, having a first baby late in life or not having any pregnancy in their life time is well known established risk factor. It was also observed that the risk was significantly elevated among those who have family history of having breast cancer in their blood relatives such as mother or sisters and the siblings of parents as well. It is also important that the breast cancer victim have the radiation exposure in their record (64). A study shows that trace elements exposure increases the risk of breast cancer occurrence as well. 1.7. Cancer and Trace Elements: The physiochemical properties of a metal greatly contribute to the determination of the toxicity of their compounds such as oxidation state, charge and ionic radii, the coordination number, ionization potential, etc. The similar physiochemical properties of a toxic metal, such as charge and size as those of essential ions, may compete for the biological binding sites of the latter and cause structural perturbations resulting in peculiar function of biochemical macromolecules. 1.7.1. Cancer and Chromium: Chromium is a human carcinogen primarily through inhalation exposure in occupational settings. Although lung cancer has been established as a consequence of hexavalent chromium exposure in smokers and nonsmokers, some cancers of other tissues of the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems have also been noticed (65). Several studies of the chrome-plating industry have demonstrated a positive relationship between cancer and exposure to chromium compounds (66). The chromium (VI) compounds are toxic and carcinogenic. These compounds have a wide range of capabilities and can contribute to the development of cancer. The bronchial tree is the major target organ for carcinogenic effects of chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) is a powerful epithelial irritant and a confirmed human carcinogen. Cancer primarily occurs following inhalation exposure and uptake in the respiratory organs. This is of great significance with respect to the subsequent risk of lung cancer in humans. IARC has stated that chromium and certain chromium compounds have shown sufficient evidences for considering the chromium as a carcinogen for humans. Moreover, the most recent carcinogenic risk of chromium and its compounds was evaluated in another study and an increased incidence of lung cancer has been observed among workers in the chromate producing industry. In addition, it was observed that the chromium alloy workers were diagnosed with lung cancer (67-69). The findings were consistent with the hypothesis that soluble hexavalent chromium compounds are potent human lung carcinogens (70). Subsequently, the same was reported by a prospective cohort study of the same cohort of 1,193 workers at small Japanese plating facilities, while a trend toward statistical significance for risk of lung cancer was seen in the chromium plating subgroup (71). Several studies have shown that chromium (VI) occupational exposure was identified as an important risk factor of lung cancer. Higher percentage of SCLC was found in chromium exposed individuals (72). 1.7.2. Cancer and Selenium: The epidemiological survey and the data collected by several scientists have irrefutably reported that selenium is an antioxidant and can be used as an inhibitor of cancer. The flux in genetic material generated by carcinogens or endogenous means has been believed to be crucial for the development of cancer. The role of selenium in a biological system as an anti-carcinogen and the extent of its protective behavior are not implausible. It has been widely recognized, and recommended that the combination of vitamin E, selenium and methionine must be taken as an essential nutrient, however the dose has the ultimate edge over the recommended theory (37). The role of selenium as an essential trace mineral in human health and disease is currently a subject of keen interest. The essential role of selenium for animals was discovered in the 1950s (73) and for humans in the 1970s (74). Selenium has shown to benefit in reducing the risk of cancer incidence and mortality in all cancers, and specifically in liver, prostate, colon-rectal and lung cancers (75). 1.7.3. Lung Cancer and Chromium: Industrial uses of hexavalent chromium compounds include inks, chromate pigments in dyes, anticorrosive agents to paints, and plastics. The use of chromates is tremendously increased due to the development of high technology, such as chromic acid is utilized for electroplating and ornamental purposes as well. Hexavalent chromium can also be formed when performing jobs at elevated temperature such as welding metallic objects. The high temperature favors the conversion of chromium, from one oxidation state to another oxidation state and most likely during the process of welding or coating, the chromium transforms into chromium (VI) (76). Therefore, the excess risk can be contemplated to be the result of exposure to hexavalent chromium. It is important to measure hexavalent chromium exposure and lung cancer risk along with cigarette smoking as a risk factor as well. As a whole, the chromium exposure was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (77). Hexavalent chromium is not on ly a carcinogenic form of chromium, its adverse health effects have long been known as a risk factor as is reported by Mancuso (78-79). The International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded that chromium and certain chromium compounds were known as human carcinogens (80). The Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) for hexavalent chromium is 1 g Cr/m3 (approximately 2 g CrO3/m3) (81). An elevated risk of lung cancer among workers in chromate production facilities has previously been reported. This excess risk is accepted to be the result of exposure to hexavalent chromium. However, the results of other studies indicate that moderate or heavy exposure to zinc chromate may give rise to a severe risk of developing lung cancer, but that exposure is relatively mild or lasts less than a year and may not constitute an effective risk (82). 1.7.4. Blood Cancer and Trace Elements: Bone marrow is the soft tissue located in the cavities of bones and is the source of generating all types of blood cells. It has been observed that the malfunction, nutrient deficiency and the trace elements alteration leads to a condition where the risk of cancer escalates considerably. The various types of blood cancers have been discovered, and it would be very difficult to explain all of them individually. Therefore, it is appropriate to use the general term ‘cancer’ where it permits for all types of blood cancers to be characterized without mentioning their names separately. There are multiple reasons as to why the normal bone marrow starts developing malignant cells. It has been observed that there is a depletion of bone-marrow cells due to deficiencies of trace elements (83). A study revealed remarkable alteration in thetrace elemental concentration of zinc and selenium in both pre-cancer and cancer patients as compared to the control group. In this study it was concluded that there is a critical relationship between alternation in the level oftrace elements, oxidative stress and leukoplakia (84). Another study has suggested that the trace element concentration in the blood of cancerous and controls subjects present a significant difference and it can be related distinctively to the carcinogenesis (85). For instance, copper deficiency affects various physiological characteristics that may be important in immunological defense to pathogenic challenge (86), while certain trace elements level in leukemia patients are considerably higher as compared to the normal individuals (87). Trace elements play an important role in biological processes through their action as activators or inhibitors of enzymatic reaction, or by influencing the permeability of cell membrane or by their essential role as direct anti-oxidant enzymes (88-89). Several researchers have found that the depressed antibody response is the result of deficiency of certain trace elements (90-92). Therefore, malfunctioning of the immune system which in turn creates a suitable environment for the development of leukemia and it has especially demonstrated a high negative correlation between the selenium content of soil and the mortality ofleukemia (93). 1.7.5. Breast Cancer and Trace Elements: Breast tissue is unique due to its complex hormonal influences and dramatic changes during various life events. Individual hormonal levels and metabolism are affected by environmental factors as well and some frequently used chemical and metals that have the ability to disrupt endocrine function and thus mimic the effects of estrogen (94). On a daily basis we interact with various chemicals and some of them are naturally present in our environment and others are the by-products of several industrial process. The breast is a sensitive organ and it responds to even a minor event that occurs in the form of chemical changes inside the body. However, the exposure of certain elements brings changes in the concentration levels present in our body even though these elements are indispensable for the life and also have significant importance for our livelihood. These elements play a very critical role in the body and in certain amount they are advantageous. However, their concentration variat ion may impact the gene activation and is an example of gene-environment interaction as well. For example, in a study it was mentioned that if a woman is already exposed to an organic complex known as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) she still does not have an extraordinary risk of developing breast cancer. While in another research work it has been reported that if a woman shows the combination of both factors, such as if she already has been exposed to PCBs and exhibits the alteration in their CYP1A1 gene, she has immense chances to develop breast cancer in her life time (95). For example, the result of a recent study suggests that cigarette smoke exerts a dual action on the breast, with different effects in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. It is relevant because investigators found an association between environmental carcinogens and putativeendocrinedisruption and risk ofbreast cancer (96). Selenium is an important cofactor in the production of antioxidant enzymes that may influence cancer progression. However, the findings suggest that selenium intake before breast cancer diagnosis may improve breast cancer-specific survival and overall survival (97). On the other hand, the association between selenium and breast cancer has been studied and it was concluded that selenium levels were significantly lower among patients suffering from breast cancer. However contrary reports were also submitted by other researchers and they concluded that they did not find any direct relationship between selenium levels in the blood of patients and breast cancer (98). A study was conducted on Dutch women aged 55–69 years. In this study they tried to find out the association between selenium and breast cancer. The analysis was based on the diagnosis of breast cancer in various patients between one and more than three years. It was found that selenium concentration was considerably lower in the blood of individuals diagnosed earlier during follow-up process. The authors provided no evidence for an inverse association between selenium status and breast cancer (98). 1.8. Analytical Techniques: Analytical techniques are the basic tool for the analysis of chemical elements from major to smaller trace levels in variety of matrices. These tools provide complete information about the composition of a simple to complex substrate and these techniques are usually applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples of interest. There are many types of analytical techniques available for the analysis of elements in biological matrices in terms of their sensitivity and accuracy. The choice of an analytical technique is contingent to many factors, such as the nature of the problem, type of the sample, elements of interest, and moreover the attention of the analyst that dictates the end use of analytical results (99). However, there are some other traits that may also influence the use of a particular technique for the elemental analysis, for instance the principle, and instrumental limitations. Therefore, every analytical technique may not be considered appropriate for the analysis of certain elements. Moreover, the interference due to the presence of other elements and due to the instrumental technology is another important contributing factor in selection of an analytical technique, as well as the intentions of the scientist which inadvertently dictates the results the analyst would like to obtain from the experiment. A few analytical instrumental techniques are concisely discussed with their limitations and preferences over one another because of their sensitivity and accuracy for the analysis of certain trace elements in human whole blood. 1.8.1. Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP): The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) is a multi-elemental technique that has ensured its place with established techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. It has detection limits that are usually attainable at the parts per billion (ppb) levels, while most of the samples are introduced in liquid form as aqueous solutions. The technique has widespread applications in the fields of metallurgy, geology, environment, agriculture, industries, and biology. The excitation source for ICP is argon plasma that operates at atmospheric pressure and sustained by inductive coupling to a radio frequency electromagnetic field. The plasma furnishes a chemically inert, high temperature environment that is very effective for vaporization, atomization, ionization and excitation of the sample material that is injected into it. Two types of ICPs are discussed here: 1.8.1.1. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry: The Inductive Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) is inherently a multi-element technique with two types of spectrometer configurations that are used to detect the atomic emission radiations of elements of interest. Simultaneously, Poly-chromators are used for multielement analysis and mono-chromators for sequential multi-element analysis (100). The ICP-AES consists of an excitation sources for atomic emission and a spectrometer that helps in order to detect the emission spectra. Changes in the concentration of coexistent elements may generate gradual changes in the background. These background shifts are assumed to have great importance for the determinations and are made at declining concentration levels. However the stray light may be responsible for this effect (101). The disadvantage of this technique is that some elements readily form non-emitting and refractory oxides that result in an underestimation of their concentration. 1.8.1.2 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: In this set up, the ICP source is mounted horizontally and the sample is introduced into the plasma by standard ICP nebulization process. The mass spectrum can be recorded in a short period of time i.e. approximately one minute, and can enable the instrument to analyze the sample at a faster rate than the conventional mass spectrometric technique. The advancement in technology has made the ICP-MS more efficient, and improved its performance due to altering its design of the interface between the atmospheric plasma and the vacuum spectrometer. ICP-MS is incredibly sensitive, with its detection limits of parts per billion (ppb) for most of the elements and exhibit comparatively less spectral interferences. This technique is particularly useful in the analysis of rare earth elements, and appropriate for the analysis of the actinides. These are characterized to produce complex optical spectra. The natural applications of the ICP-MS technique include isotope ratio measurements and isotope dilution analysis as well (101). The emission techniques always presented an incomplete resolution of radiations emitted by the analyte and the back ground interferences. The high temperature supports transitions to various excited states of the atom thus the wavelength of the emission line selected for an analyte may coincide with a line emitted by another component of the sample i.e. direct spectral overlap or the two lines may be so close that they partially overlap i.e. partial or wing overlap with each other. If these lines are not disti nctively separated, the spectral interference may occur, and hence demonstrates a counterfeit level that is higher than the true concentration of the respective element. The ICP-MS is not a pertinent analyzing technique for noble gases. Similarly, halogens and some non-metals are difficult to be analyzed by setting standard parameters of this technique. In addition to that, poor sensitivity of ICP may also be observed for alkali metals. Another disadvantage of this technique is the spectral overlapping generated by the interferences of polybaric, polyatomic and doubly charged ions. As a result, elements like manganese, vanadium, and arsenic are sometimes difficult to determine with good precision at low concentration with ICP-MS. The technique imparts accuracy for solutions; therefore, sample dissolution procedures are recommended, however dissolution may involve additional steps for sample preparation and consequently add up contamination in analyte and introduce more problems to the method of analysis. Therefore, it is not recommended for high purity materials and for those samples that have low levels of elements concentration. In this technique, varieties of interference are met, such as nebulization interferences, transfer and desolvation interferences, chemical interferences, ionization interferences, and atomization and volatilization interferences (102). All interferences introduce the transformation or rotation of the calibration curve. However, ICP-MS is a technique that offers reduced spectral and isotopic interferences. 1.8.2 Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV): The most sensitive analytical technique is anodic stripping technique (ASV) that is convenient and cost effective analytical method for the detection and quantization of metals in drinking water as well as in biological materials (103). The advantage of this technique is that the various metals such as Pb, Cd and Cu can be analyzed simultaneously. The ASV can be considered as a small scale electroplating experiment. The metals are present as an ion form in the solution, and are plated on an electrode by applying a negative potential that initiate deposition on it for a specific period of time. The deposition serves to concentrate the metal ion from the solution on the electrode as metal (0). For example, if the electrode is mercury, the metals often develop a form of amalgam on it. After deposition the potential is switched towards positive potential. The peaks of the current appear at a point where potential corresponds to the oxidation of metal as they are oxidized and back strippe d from the electrode into the solution. The peak height/ area can be correlated with the concentration of the metal ions in the solution. It is necessary to calibrate the procedure with the standard solutions of known quantities of respective metal ions. Along with advantages of ASV, some disadvantages are also associated with this technique as well. For instance, only mixture of metals can be analyzed, however the analysis time is longer than usually taken by spectroscopic method. In addition, the technique is extraordinary sensitive for interferences as well. It is also important to start the analysis by a profe

Women Seeing the World through a Different Lens in Three Guineas and Th

At the time Virginia Woolf wrote The Years and Three Guineas, there were many differences between men and women, one of which was education. Most women were not educated, which prevented them from entering into agency. Women allowed themselves to be played by history. In order for them to change a world that was dominated by men, women needed to refuse what history said was their essence, and rather, use that essence to create critical ways of being in the world. The photograph, "a crudely colored photograph--of your world as it appears to us who see it from the threshold of the private house; through the shadow of the veil that St. Paul still lays upon your eyes; from the bridge which connects the private house with the world of public life," must be taken from a different perspective, (Three Guineas 18). In Three Guineas, Woolf shows her readers how women were enslaved by men, why it was so important that women receive an education, and the different ways in which women could e nter into agency in order to change a world that was dominated by men. In Three Guineas, Woolf describes all of the ways in which women were being enslaved by men. There were many differences among men and women, which deprived women of their freedom. At this time, there was a power imbalance; men were dominant and women were not valued by society. Many doors were still locked for women. Men had been educated for five or six hundred years, while women, only sixty. Even though both sexes contributed to university funds, the number of women who were allowed an education was extremely limited. "Though we see the same world, we see it through different eyes," (Three Guineas 18). Men were taught to think and act through tradition. They wer... ...en how they were being enslaved by men, explained the importance of an education, and proposed ways in which women could enter into agency in order to change a world that was dominated by men. Women should strive, " to assert `the rights of all--all men and women--to respect in their persons of the great principles of Justice and Equality and Liberty,'" (Three Guineas 143). Women must look at the whole picture and burn the old photograph, the crudely colored photograph, and retake the picture from a different angle, from the angle of a world that let the light into the private house. Take the picture from the perspective of an educated woman, an educated woman looking through a different lens than she had before. Works Cited Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas. Â ©1938, 2008. Harcourt, Inc. Orlando, Florida. Woolf, Virginia. The Years. New York: HBJ, 1937.

The Pro-Life Nazi March :: Personal Narrative Writing

The Pro-Life Nazi March The picture of a bloody fetus torn apart by a surgeon's scalpel danced overhead in the cloudy sky. I stared at the swaying poster and at the tiny body lying in a green garbage bag. Around it, hundreds of similar signs filled the sky with bright words and colors as a huge mass of men, women and children paraded under them in a huge march. I stared at the marchers, disbelieving of the sight in front of me. They were the Pro-Lifers, marching in favor of banning abortion as a choice and a right for women. I stopped on the sidewalk and looked up toward the White House and then back in the other direction. Both my cousin and I hadn't expected to see anything but the usual Washington museum exhibits and eateries that day; instead we got caught up in a march that neither of us believed in and one that I wouldn't have chosen to see. The march seemed to have no beginning and no end; it seemed as though it went on for miles. I looked at the mass of people in awe, amazed that so many people could organize to fight for something they believed in. I'd never seen something of this scale and I was stunned by its mass and power. As we got closer to the marchers, my excitement, and my disgust, grew. The march seemed never-ending; people were filing up Pennsylvania Avenue, shouting slogans and waving their posters in the air. They marched together in unity, spilling over onto the sidewalks and flooding the street. The Pro-Lifers marched side by side, at least fifteen people across, line after line. I began to look closer at the faces of the protesters, looking at the marchers so I could see and remember those who were so violently opposed to a woman's right to choose. Women were marching, denying their rights, and among the huge crowd were children. I saw one child sitting on his father's shoulders, waving a sign with pictures of dead babies as other children marched in the street, singing anti-abortion slogans. I couldn't believe it. Children barely old enough to read the signs they were carrying or understand the slogans they sang marched along with their parents, brainwashed into denying women their right to chose. I continued to watch the posters and cardboard signs as they went by.

Soundtrack to a Schizophrenic Mind :: Psychology Loneliness Essays

Soundtrack to a Schizophrenic Mind "The only people for me are the mad ones, the ones who are mad to live, mad to talk, mad to be saved, desirous of everything at the same time, the ones who never yawn or say a commonplace thing, but burn, burn, burn, like fabulous yellow roman candles exploding like spiders across the sky." ~Jack Kerouac On the Road Track 1: Ryan Adams>> "Back beat the word is on the street that the fire in your heart is out..." Next door and two flights up an unknown woman sings scales, melancholic and operatic, ghostlike, she vocalizes the sorrows that haunt me. Music has always been my salvation. A feeling rolls in, filling the empty vibration of my atmosphere. Rain, softly at first, then steadily. The universe weeps. It feels like God mocks me, showing off by crying when I can't. In retrospect, maybe he was empathizing, like a parent leading by example, gently nudging me to follow suit. But presently, I am bitter, completely incapable of seeing optimistically. Perception is inseparable from state of mind. There is a huge difference between being alone and feeling lonely. The former is bearable, even enjoyable, when a person is actually physically alone. The latter, being surrounded by the people who care, yet separated by an invisible distance, a magnetic charge of pride and insecurity, repelling love despite closeness of its proximity and the friendliest of intentions, tortures the soul. In Thailand, halfway across the world, I missed the people I love, but in a happy nostalgic way. Alone yet never lonely. Home again, I see them every day, smile at them, converse with them, yet cannot connect psychically. There is no heart in my friendships here. Surrounded by the people I once missed, I feel only empty. 58 moonstones arranged on links of tarnished silver wrap loosely around my bony fingers. I am not catholic, or even Christian, but on this night I slide my fingertips over the smooth rosary beads. Drowning. Sometimes it is just so painful to be alive. Screams, trapped with the tears somewhere inside, build a dam of hopelessness and frustration to protect society from the unsightly emotions: anger, sadness, grief. Freud called it melancholy: loss unmourned. Modern society calls it depression, apparently a phenomenon common amongst students returning from extended travels in "developing" countries. "You'll readjust in a month or so", they consoled me.

Effects of Internet on Child Development

180 to learn was reported in 65 cases, to play was reported in 57 cases, to browse in 35 cases, and to communicate in 27 cases. Thus, the five indices of child home Internet use in cluded: 1) the continuous variable years of home Internet access and the dichotomous (report ed-unreported) variables of child home In ternet use to 2) learn, 3) play, 4) browse, and 5) communicate. Family Socioeconomic Characteristics The parent questionnaire assessed five family characteris tics commonly used to determine socioeconomic status (Bradley & Corwyn, 2002; Sirin, 2005).Two items queried father’s and mother’s employment status. Approximately 70% of mothers and 96% of fathers were employed, full-time or part-time. Two questionnaire items requested father’s and mother’s level of education, coded as: elementa ry = 1, junior high school = 2, high school incomplete = 3, high school complete = 4, technical school/college (complete or incomplete) = 5 and university (complet e or incomplete) = 6. The mean educational level of mothers was 4. 79 (SD = 0. 95) suggesting that many mothers had post-secondary education; the mean educational level of fa thers was 4. 45 (SD = 1. 2) suggesting that some fathers had post-secondary education. The final socioeconomic item on the questionnaire asked parents to indicate annual family income by selecting one of the following options: < $20 000 = 1, $20 000 to $40 000 = 2, $40 000 to $60 000 = 3, $60 000 to $80 000 = 4, $80 000 to $100 000 = 5, > $100 000 = 6. Annual income for participating families was approximately $60,000 CD (M = 4. 07, SD = 1. 48). Table 2 presents a summary of measured constructs which includes: four tests of children’s cognitive development, five indices of children’s home Internet use, and five fa ily socioeconomic characteris tics. Which are the better predictors of cognitive development during childhood, — el ements of the microsystem or elements of the techno- subsystem? Two series of stepwise regression analysis we re conducted with the four c ognitive development scores as the dependant variables. In the first regression analyses , family socioeconomic characteristics (elements of the microsystem) were the independent variables. In the second analyses, indices of home Internet use (elements of the techno-subsystem) were the independent variables. Tab le 2 Description of Constructs and Measures Ecological System System Elements Specific Measures Bioecology Cognitive Development Expressive Language Metacognitive Planning Visual Perception Auditory Memory Techno-Subsystem Home Internet Use Years of Internet Access Online Learning Online Playing Online Browsing Online Communication Microsystem Family Characteristics Father Employment Mother Employment Father Education Mother Education Annual Family Income Results Results of analyses revealed that fa mily socioeconomic characteristics (eleme nts of the microsystem) explained a odest (but significant) amount of the variation in children’s cognitive deve lopment scores. As presented in Table 3, adjusted R 2 values indicated that father’s level of education accounted for approximately 7% of the variation in children’s level of expressive language (as measured by the WISC-IV vocabulary subtest), 5% of the variation in children’s visual perception and auditory memory (as measured by the CAS nonverbal matrices subtest and CAS 181 word series subtest, respectively). Whether or not moth ers were employed, part-tim e or full-time, accounted for pproximately 6% of the differences in children’s capacity to execute metacognitive functions such as planning (as measured by the CAS matching numbers subtest). While the other measures of familial socioeconomic status (e. g. , mother’s education and family income) explained some of the variance in children’s cognitive development, such measures did not improve upon the predictive utility of fa ther ’s education or maternal employment; variation is prerequisite to prediction. Almost all fathers were employed and almost all mothers had finished high school. For participating middle-class families, father’s education a d mother’s employment were more sensitive to children’s cognitive development scores than were family income, father’s employment, and mother’s education. Tab le 3 . Stepwise Regression Analysis: Family Characteristics Predicting Child Cognitive Development Cognitive Score Predictor Beta Weight t value R 2 (adj) F value Expressive Language Father Education . 292 2. 70** . 074 (1, 78) = 7. 29** Metacognitive Planning Mother Employed . 270 2. 46* . 061 (1, 77) = 6. 05* Visual Perception Father Education . 244 2. 22* . 047 (1, 78) = 4. 93* Auditory Memory Father Education . 258 2. 6* . 054 (1, 78) = 5. 55* *p < . 05; **p < . 01 Results of analyses further revealed th at indices of home Internet use (elements of the techno-subs ystem), in general, explained more of the variation in children’s cognitive de velopment than did family socioeconomic characteristics (elements of the microsystem). Summarized in Table 4, specific types on online behavior (i. e. , learning, communicating, and playing) and years of home In ternet access combined to predicted child cognitive developmental outcomes. Indicated by adjusted R 2 , children’s online communication, ears of home Internet access, and online learning (as reported by parents) accounted for ap proximately 29% of the varia tion in children’s level of expressive language as measured by the WISC-IV vocabulary subtest. Online learning and communicating (reported- unreported) combined to explain 13. 5% of the variation in children’s metacognitive planning. Online learning and playing (reported-unreported) combined to explain 10. 9% of the variation in children’s auditory memory. Years of home Internet access explained approximately 3% of the diffe rences in children’s visual perception scores. With the xception of visual perception, indices of home Internet use (elements of the techno-subsystem) were better predictors of children’s cognitive development than were family socioeconomic characteristics (elements of the microsystem). Tab le 4 . Stepwise Regression Analysis: Home Internet Use Predicting Child Cognitive Development Cognitive Score Predictor/s Beta Weight t value R 2 (adj) F value Expressive Language Online Communication . 344 4. 00*** Years of Internet Access . 263 3. 12 ** Online Learning . 256 2. 99** . 287 (3, 101) = 14. 97*** Metacognitive Planning Online Learning . 287 3. 03** Online Communication . 201 2. 12* . 35 (2, 101) = 9. 06*** Visual Perception Years of Internet A ccess . 192 1. 99* . 028 (1, 104) = 3. 98* Auditory Memory Online Learning . 242 2. 60* Online Playing . 228 2. 46* . 109 (3, 101) = 14. 97*** *p < . 05; **p < . 01; ***p < . 001 Discussion A variety of mechanism s linking family socioeconomic status to child cognitive development have been proposed including parenting (Petrill, Pike, Price, & Plomin, 2004 ; Mistry, Biesanz, Chien, Howes, & Benner, 2008) and 182 resources (Bradley & Corwyn, 2002). For the current samp le of middle class children, paternal education and maternal employment were associated with measures of hild cognitive development. More educated fathers tended to have offspring who scored high on three of the four cognitive measures (expressive language, visual perception, and auditory memory). Mothers who were employed tended to have children who scored high on the measure of metacognitive planning. Educated fathers and employed mothers may genetically transmit to their offspring some neurological processing advantage (bioecology). Simultaneously, educated fathers may provide enhanced language models and stimulating environments that facilitate the cognitive development of their children (microsystemic influence). Employed mother may provide models of organization and place increased demands on children to self- regulate thereby enhancing the metacognitive planning abilities of their offspring (microsystemic influence). Family socioeconomic status (as measur ed and for the current sample) accounted for 5% to 7% of differences in child cognitive development scores. In contrast, indices of home Internet use (as measured and for the current sample) accounted for 3% to 29% of differences in child cognitive development scores. Me ta-analysis confirms that the impact of socioeconomic status on academic achie vement is eroding over time (Sirin, 2005). Increasingly ffective structures of social equali zation (e. g. , public education, quality daycare, preschool intervention, and prenatal programs) and the expanding middle class create the need for more precise description of home environments. Current results suggest th at indices of home Internet use (i. e. , elements of the ecological techno- subsystem) pro vide more useful information regarding cognitive development than do family socioeconomic characteristics (elements of the microsystem). Only two of five family socioeconom ic characteristics added to the regres sion equation, suggesting that some measures (i. e. , family income father employment, and mother education) did not differ in relation to children’s cognitive development. In contrast, four of the five indices of home Internet use during childhood added to the regression equation, suggesting that these measures differe d in relation to children’s cognitive development. In the context of the current investigation, soci oeconomic status is a crude construct re lative to home Internet use. Internet use includes both organized (e. g. , search) and disorganized (e. g. , browse) interactions with both human (e. g. , chat) and nonhuman (e. g. , database) elements in online environments (Johnson & Kulpa, 2007).Internet use is a complex set of behaviors that vary widel y across individuals and th at is influenced by cognitive and personality characteristics (Joinson, 2003). For the current sample of children, patterns of home Internet use explained more of the variation in cognitive development than did family socioeconomic characteristics. In the context of middle class families, elements in the techno-subsystem (e. g. , Internet access) may not necessarily facilitate child cognitive development; effective use of those elements, highly dependent upon parent behavior, may promote development.For example, Cho and Cheon (2005) surveyed families and found that parents’ perceived control, obtained through shared web activities and family cohesion, reduced children’s exposure to negative Internet content. Lee and Chae (2007) reported a positive relations hip between parental mediation techniques (website recommendation and Internet co-use) and children’s educa tional attainment. In the current investigation, the cognitive experienc es provided to children by employed moth ers may include Internet skills instruction (e. g. , sending email) and models of information management (e. g. acc essing websites for informa tion). Such experiences, over time, may provide children with enhanced opportunities to direct their own cognitive development via increasingly sophisticated uses of the Internet. According to Livingston and Bober (2005), â€Å"a new divide is opening up between those for whom the internet is an increasingly rich, diverse, engaging and stimulating resource and those for whom it remains a narrow, unengaging, if occasionally useful , resource of rather less significance† (p. 2). Bruner (2005) recen tly reiterated that â€Å"our minds ap propriate ways of representing th world from using and relating to the codes or rules of available technology† (p. x). Cognitive abilities prerequisite to utilization of Internet applications constitute an implicit component of contemporary notions of intel ligence (Maynard, Subrahmanyam, & Greenfield, 2005). The ecological techno-s ubsystem furthers our understanding of environmental influences on child development by emphasizing the impact of digital technologies on cognitive growth during childhood. The techno- subsystem provides precise description of microsystemic mechanisms of developmental influence which lead to intervention strategies.According to Livingston and Bober ( 2005), many parents lack the skills to guide and support their children’s Internet use and Intern et-literate parents have Internet-litera te children. Subsequent research may evaluate the effectiveness of techno-subs ystem interventions for elementary school children at-risk, for example, the provision of home Internet access and pa rent Internet literacy training. As stated elsewhere, â€Å"current anxiety surrounding children’s Internet use should be for those whose cognitive processes are not influenced by the cultural tool† (Johnson, 2 006, p. 570).

Extempore Speaking

cardinal Topics for extempore speaking (in MBA main wrangle adjoin) wherefore you should be selected? Focus on what strengths you arrive to the t fitting. These should be consistent with the four things approximately Institutes argon looking for in students during the door selection competence, adaptability, ardor, and never say pop off attitude. Remember, they ar looking for chemistry mingled with you and your future employer. Be prep bed to restate in short time wherefore you ar the best female genital organdidate for the seat. Also, allow the institute know you hope the admission and you volition enjoy being with them.A insufficiency of close in the program may indicate a lack of enthusiasm for the institute as well as your future. Now that youve had a chance to deal to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) approximately us, what would you depart about our institute? Be careful here. well-nigh institutes go intot want you to come in and succuss u p the place. At the same time, they tire outt want some integrity who says, Nothing, everything looks great here. Seek a middle ground by pore on one or two non-threatening issues that may have got come up in your discussions. For example, From our discussion of the problem with muffled stance due to economic d proclaim submit, I think we should look into the possibility of free pass on more applicative knowledge and movie to the students. It volition make the students more physical exertion ready. I similarly think, we need to do a thorough analysis of what the companies are expecting out of the students and try to fill the bedcover existing between the expectations and echtity. Such an set indicates you are open to make changes moreover you also have a true non-threatening decision-making style. Your response should sound sensible and innovative.Whats your fantasy job? This is your beliefl chance to grass your aptitudes that fit the job description you would be offered after completing the program. Show an interest in relegateing sunrise(prenominal) ports of using the skills you entrust acquire during the course period and also that you pile be put to use in new(a) roles with additional responsibilities. My dream job would admit the execution of all of the theoretical and practical knowledge I will move on from the program. Also, all the responsibilities and duties in the position of a manager will be handed over to me in my dream job.I also thrive in a fast- changing purlieu where theres business growth. Your plans include attracting global placement during the next year, and this would satisfy one of my supreme goals of being involved in an international corporation. What color is your brain? Be awake that youll probably be asked to speak on much(prenominal) matter. The occlusive is not to pigeonhole you, solely to find out what makes you tick. When the modular extempore topics are presented, battalion are prepare d and its harder for the recruiter to die to know the literal somebody. An MBA admission panel, for example, tries to avoid repeated topics.But, several(predicate) and conventional topic resembling the one above has no right or wrong swear out. In fact, the panel wont steady really care what your answer is. He or she just doesnt want to perceive something like, I dont know, I guess its docile because thats the way I imagine it. The point is to see how creative you are and how you think. Be sure to develop why you answered the way you did. My brain is red because Im constantly hot. Im always on fire with new plans and ideas. pass the following scenario You are placed in a comp either after closure of your program. One evening you are work late and are the last person in the office.You answer an urgent foretell call to your supervisor from a gross revenue rep whos currently meeting with a potential client. The sales rep involve an answer to a question to squiffy the sale. Tomorrow will be in addition late. You have the expertise to answer the question, but its beyond your universal level of authority. How do you respond? This response shows that the candidate is assured in his or her ability and can be counted on in an emergency. Similarly, your answer should indicate that youre not afraid to be the decision maker in a tough state of affairs, even if the situations beyond your normal level of authority. Id get all the clever information, taking well-documented notes. Id answer the question ground on my knowledge and the information put upd. Id desert my supervisor a note and fill him or her in on the elaborate the next morning. Id be sure to explain my decision, as well as the fantasy process behind it. What is change steering? Such type of question is asked, generally to check your coping mechanisms for responding to changes. It tests how systematic your set about could be in dealing with change, both from the perspective of an nerve and on the undivided level.A somewhat ambiguous limit, change wariness has at least three unlike aspects, including adapting to change, controlling change, and effecting change. A proactive cash advance to dealing with change is at the nitty-gritty of all three aspects. The response could be Change vigilance is a term used to refer to the introduction of new processes in an organisation, or the management of people who are experiencing change. Successful adaptation to change is as crucial within an organization and the individuals in them inevitably encounter changing conditions as they are powerless to control.The more effectively one deals with change, the more apt(predicate) he or she thrives. Adaptation universe power involve establishing a structured methodology for responding to changes in the business environment. Online eruditeness In todays world, many adults find themselves unsatisfied with their college and institution and wish for something more but ge t hold ofs on their time and enrolment make this seem impossible. The wakeless intelligence information is that the Internet has many online teaching opportunities visible(prenominal) that allows one to gain a higher(prenominal) education, acquire new skills, and become more marketable.And the great thing about the benefits of online l inviteing and online education is that one can get an education according to their give document and can do it from the comfort of their own home. In fact, thousands of working professionals have been able to increase their knowledge and jobs skills without ever having to enrol a classroom, thanks to online classes. By inquire you to speak on this topic, the panel efficiency check your arrangement on engine room and current trends.Your response towards online learning could be favorable or unfavorable, but dont be indifferent towards this topic as this shows that you have no idea about the latest revolutions. Your response could be, Onlin e eruditeness could be thinked as learning in the virtual classroom. While there are indeed many solid race opportunities available today, the market place is extremely competitive, making higher education that a good deal more vital to successfully landing place the job of ones own dreams. But one of the leading concerns for students, as well as working class, is to consider entering the world of expensive education.Fortunately, there are plenty of distance learning courses that make it possible for willing students to learn from the comfort of their own home without having to business concern about many other expenses like commutation expenses, lodging and boarding expenses, and so on Plus, these distance learning programs have been gaining a good peak of credibility passim the professional world, so one can be confident of receiving an education that will be acknowledged by major companies. Are MBA Salaries Still on the initiate? These questions help the panel in unde rstanding what is your actual aim- Knowledge or specified Money? If you crave for mere Money, i. e. you are control by the high pay hype, you will not be considered a good candidate as silver minded people generally dont concentrate on effectuality and quality. But if you are truly impelled by your inner force of learning, you will certainly get that chance by securing a seat in your desired college. Your response to this question could be, This depends on the situation of the individual student and other doer such as, the type of industry they are in, the company for which they are employed, and the prior skills they shore with them into the workforce.Attending an MBA school still has the potential to nip and tuck your value and increase your personal merchantman line, but it is not a guarantee. However, the thrift has already begun to turn around, and many monetary organizations are posting large net income again and have begun to recruit MBA graduates for a variety o f positions. MBA holders work in a variety of positions, including pecuniary controllers, senior financial analysts, project managers, marketing directors, and of course as CFOs and CEOs. Salaries for these elite positions can be practically higher than mid-level jobs. How has the Economic downturn changed the spotter for MBAs? This topic again will familiarize your actual thoughts to the panel. In reality, the economic downturn has actually changed the outlook for MBAs. Those who were sheer driven by the money behind MBA degree have taken a U-Turn and do way for those who are in real wanted to pursue this course for making an established career. This topic can earn you a definite seat in you dream college. So your response could be positive like, It is still as good a time as any to earn an MBA.In fact, as the economy begins to turn around and all indications point to that process already beginning more opportunities for management specialists will be available. Most compan ies were hale to decrease their staffs using steps such as early retirement and lay-offs in order to survive the economic downturn. As the economy begins to swing upward, these companies will be seeking managers that are not sole(prenominal) experienced, but are also intimate about the many jural changes that have been instituted uring the crisis. This means if one undergoes earning an MBA today, he or she will likely be taught the legal changes as they are implemented. The goal of the MBA is to provide the company with the experience and knowledge that will put oneself in high demand in corporate world. MBA programs around the world are adapting their curriculums to reflect the changes made in todays business world. An MBA will strive to provide the company with a better understanding of the new economy.